Stalin modernized agriculture in the Soviet Union through collectivization. The correct option among all the options given in the question is option "c". This was the method in which all the crops produced, lands, livestock and buildings were taken over by the government. After that the farmers became a waged labor of the government and they were also given a target to fulfill.
Mussolini saw the expansion of Italy as a way to increase national pride. The correct option as per the options provided in the question is option "a".
