Suppose the price of a major commodity like oil decreases dramatically and unexpectedly. The SRAS curve will shift right and the LRAS curve will not change.
Cheaper oil makes it cheaper for companies to transport their goods, and because shipping costs less, it costs less to buy the raw materials needed for production. In addition, lower oil prices reduce the cost of electricity and the cost of making products from oil. These changes shift the aggregate supply curve outward (to the right) as firms try to supply more goods at a given price level.
Changes in oil prices do not represent changes in the availability of factors of production. Therefore, such changes do not fundamentally change an economy's ability to produce goods and services. There may be substitutions among various goods and adjustments in product prices, but potential output is not affected. This is important because it shows that when prices rise, so does the level of real GDP. In this case, when oil prices plunge, the short-term aggregate supply curve shifts to the right.
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